en:endgeraete
Unterschiede
Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.
Nächste Überarbeitung | |||
— | en:endgeraete [2019/11/24 20:22] – angelegt - Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Zeile 1: | Zeile 1: | ||
+ | ====== Output Devices ====== | ||
+ | Information can be transmitted by wireless technology in various ways, depending on the type of transmission different devices are used for output intelligible to human ears or eyes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Morse code telegraphy ==== | ||
+ | In the early days of wireless and even wired communication, | ||
+ | |||
+ | | [[Practice Morse Key]] | [[Practice Key 6.3mm Jack]] | | ||
+ | | [[Exercise Morse Code Generator Fk Ue G |Fk Ue G]] | [[Morse Exercise Equipment 90]] | | ||
+ | | [[Morse Transmitter System " | ||
+ | | [[Exercise Morse Printer]] | [[Morse Code Exercise Equipment]] | | ||
+ | |||
+ | This was not a problem, as long as only professional radio operators and radio amateurs were trained as signalmen; they mastered the Morse code in sleep, almost as well as foreign language skills. | ||
+ | |||
+ | With the spread of the importance of wireless communications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Thus, there were ideas to simplify the transmission of telegrams with technical means, so that Morse code training was no longer necessary for all signalmen. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It turned out, that **High speed telegraphy** would not meet the requirements. With high speed telegraphy systems, messages could be transmitted in high speed morse code easily. But these had to be printed to paper, and then decoded in a tedious way from the Morse code to letters. If the operator' | ||
+ | | [[Automatic Morse code equipment Moser]] |[[Automatic high speed telegraphy system MFA]] | | ||
+ | ||| | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Telephony ==== | ||
+ | The use of wireless transmission became much easier, when radio telephony was available. In the case of AM or even single-sideband transmissions, | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the early years, people often worked with headphones and a hand-held microphone. Later on headsets were in which hands were free, a throat microphone which did pick up less ambient noise, and earphones which could be worn under the helmet, were introduced. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Switzerland quite often, microphone-handset combinations were commonly used. They look like a telephone handset with an integrated push-to-talk key, in Switzerland these were commonly referred to as **Microtel** or **Microtelephone**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Without a hard-to-crack voice scrambling or speech encryption, the drawback of telephony was, that transmission could easily be intercepted - stickers "Watch out, enemy is listening!" | ||
+ | |||
+ | Only with the introduction of digital technology it was possible to realize effective speech encryption even for telephony connections with comparatively simple effort. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Teletype ==== | ||
+ | Even in the early years in the history of electronic communications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Thus, telegrams were initially transmitted with Morse code and written down by the telegraph operator on telegram forms. There were early attempts made with telegraph systems which either were technically unreliable or needed to many wire connections between sender and receiver site. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A major development step was the introduction of the teletypewriter: | ||
+ | |||
+ | As a successor to the antiquated Morse telegraph printers in use since the late 19th century, the Swiss Army in 1934 made a decision to intruce the in those years quite advanced " | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | | [[Schreibtelegraph 34]] | [[Stg-100|Schreibtelegraph Stg-100]] |[[Stg-68 |Schreibtelegraph Stg-68]]| | ||
+ | | |[[Hst-100 |Handstanzer Hds-100]] |[[Hds-68|Handstanzer Hds-68]]| | ||
+ | |||
+ | As an alternative to the expensive and mechanically intricate teletypewriter, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[ETK]] was initially used on wired telex connections, | ||
+ | | [[ETK]] | [[ETK prototype]] | | ||
+ | | | [[ETK 47]] | | ||
+ | | | [[ETK 50]] | | ||
+ | | | [[ETK-R 55]] | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Hell Printer ==== | ||
+ | In order to cope with the problem of faulty and slow message transmission by poorly trained telegraphists, | ||
+ | Since the requirements for the signal coming from the receiver to drive the Hell printer and for the signalmen operating the receivers were even higher than for the CW reception, the receivers initially used ([[E-622| Lorenz EO 509/1]] in the [[SE-302|G1, | ||
+ | |||
+ | For use on long-wave connections and wired communication, | ||
+ | |[[Hellschreiber 41|Hellschreiber 36/41]] | [[Hellschreiber 46]] | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Cipher Equipment ==== | ||
+ | In military communication, | ||
+ | |||
+ | In ancient times, written messages were encrypted; on the other hand, every side tried to catch enemy messengers and to elicit the information from them. | ||
+ | Since the 19th century, simple encryption methods which rely on a mechanical or paper-based encryption tool, have been developed. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Basically, the situation changed with the introduction of cipher machines, the most famous of which, the German cipher machine **[[Enigma]]** was developed by Arthur Scherbius in the 1920s and went into regular production by the Berlin company Heinsoeth and Rinke. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Switzerland, | ||
+ | |||
+ | A stroke of luck for Switzerland was the move of Boris Hagelin from Sweden to Switzerland in 1948. Together with Dr. Ing. Edgar Gretener, who had developed the teletypewriter [[ETK]], they worked on the development of automatic cipher machines. The [[Telekrypto 53]] and especially the [[KFF 58]] were breakthroughs in automatic encryption. | ||
+ | |||
+ | With introduction of modern digital technology, encryption technology has become easier to handle and easier to implement in digital communication systems; the modern encryption technology has lost much of the charm of the machines with the rattling gears and cipher wheels. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | [[Enigma K]] | [[Telekrypto 53]] | [[Krypto- Funkfernschreiber 58]] | [[Telekrypto 61]] | [[Telekrypto 535]] | | ||
+ | | [[NeMa]] | | | [[KCG-70]] | | | ||
+ | | | | | | [[SVZ-430]] | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Personal Computer ==== | ||
+ | In the late 1990s, the noisy and rattling teletypewriters had to be replaced with the introduction of the [[SE-430]]. The combination of teletypewriter and [[TC-61]] was replaced by the the [[TMS-430|Telematikset 430]] and [[Telekrypto 535]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For electronic communication, | ||
+ | | [[TMS-430]] | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== More information ==== | ||
+ | * {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
en/endgeraete.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2024/01/15 08:35 von mb