en:enigma_k
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+ | ====== Enigma K ====== | ||
+ | **Enigma K**; made by [[Heimsoeth & Rinke|Ciphering Machines - Company Heimsoeth & Rinke, Berlin - Wilmersdorf]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | After wirebound and wireless transmission was introduced with the Swiss armed forces, it became more and more evident, that the content of the messages should be kept in secret and should only reach it's destination and not be intercepted by enemy forces. So the necessity of encryption arose. | ||
+ | |||
+ | As a first step codebooks were used, but these were used primarily in technical and service communication, | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 1938, the first ENIGMA cipher machines from German production were acquired to serve on the high power shortwave station [[G1,5K]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | After the English and also the Germans had succeeded in cracking the ENIGMA code, not only the radio messages of the German Wehrmacht, but also the ones of Swiss army were no longer safe. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | ===== Specifications ===== | ||
+ | * [[Principle]]: | ||
+ | * [[Modes]]: Rotor machine, one reflector wheel, three permutation wheels | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Power Supply ==== | ||
+ | * [[Accumulator / Batteries]]: | ||
+ | * [[Mains]]: 110 - 250 V with a separate power supply | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Dimensions ==== | ||
+ | * mm, kg | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Accessories ==== | ||
+ | * second lamp panel | ||
+ | * a **Mains power supply** in a box with the dimensions 200 x 110 x 135 mm, which came with four 3.5 V sockets to power four Enigma K machines was ordered from **Transformatorenbau H. Stucki** and was used in fixed Enigma installations in the army command and in the embassy radio service. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Operation ===== | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | The ENIGMA is a rotor-type cipher machine with a lamp display: the key is set with four wheels set tot the correct start position. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The ENIGMA K comes with a **relector wheel**, which is not moved during operation and is only set in the start position, and **three permutation wheels**. The permutation wheels, numbered I to III, can be mounted in different arrangements, | ||
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+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | The message to be encrypted is entered by the typewriter keyboard and the letters of the encrypted message is copied from the lamp field and written on a telegram form, which is forwarded to the radio operator for transmission. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In rotor ciphering machines, one letter is replaced with another letter one time. When the same letter key is pressed again, the same plaintext letter is encrypted by a different letter. Thus the code is far more difficult to crack, than the simple letter substitution code of school-level detective games in which one letter is always replaced by the same other letter. | ||
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+ | An separate second lamp panel made " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Technical Principle ===== | ||
+ | Cipher machine, three permutation wheels, one reflector wheel. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Tube Layout ==== | ||
+ | No electron tubes used. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Development ==== | ||
+ | In 1918, the German engineer Arthur Scherbius applied for a patent for his first rotor cipher machine. In 1923, the Enigma A was already for sale at a trade fair in Bern. After Scherbius had died in 1929, his company was bought by [[Heimsoeth & Rinke]] in 1934. Thousands of Enigma machines were used in the German Wehrmacht. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In Switzerland, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Field Use ==== | ||
+ | A large part of the ENIGMA machines in possession of the army was transferred to war reserve in 1958 and was liquidated in 1975. Some of the machines were kept ready for use in an emergency radio network of the Air Force / anti-aircraft troops until 1989, then 25 machines were sold to the public. | ||
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+ | Other machines were used in the so-called " | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{gallery>: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Technical Manuals ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Additional Information ==== | ||
+ | * Das Fernmeldematerial der Schweizerischen Armee, Band 10, Codes und Chiffrierverfahren, | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
en/enigma_k.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2024/01/14 19:53 von mb